Potato varieties with high ABA content and low GA content are round, otherwise they are oval

Author: Hu Yueqing

Published by: School of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University

Chinese Core Journal: Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences

Research Background:

Tuber shape is an important agronomic trait of potato, and wild seed tubers are very rich in shape.

Rich, but because only the good shape and uniform shape of the tuber are the breeders

Selection and retention, so the variety of potato shape of cultivated species is less, and most of them are round, oval, and long. Tuber shape is not only an important basis for variety identification, but also an important screening index for different food processing needs. Long potato-shaped potatoes are usually processed into French fries, while round potato-shaped potatoes are usually processed into potato chips. Compared with the research on potato yield and resistance, there are few researches on potato shape. Tuber induction is controlled by various plant hormones such as gibberellin (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA), and morphological formation occurs with the development of tubers. Since GA3 and ABA can antagonistically regulate tuber formation, they may also regulate tuber morphology, namely tuber shape. This study is based on this speculation. Tuber shape is an important appearance quality of potatoes. Whether it is eaten directly or processed into various products, there are strict requirements on the shape of the tuber. In order to facilitate peeling, fresh food consumers often choose varieties with uniform tubers and regular shapes. The round potato-shaped variety Atlantic is the best choice for potato chips, while the long-shaped varieties Shepody and Burbank are the most suitable varieties for French fries. Therefore, the genetic research of potato shape is of great significance for the selection of new varieties that meet the different processing needs of the food industry and the demand for fresh potato consumption.

research content:

The two varieties in this study, PB06 and Hui-2, are round potato-shaped varieties and oval-shaped potato varieties. When studying the regulation of plant hormones on tuber development

At present, the tubers of the long tuber-shaped variety Hui-2 have higher GA3 content, GA3 content/ABA content and lower ABA content than the round tuber-shaped variety PB06. It is speculated that the plant hormones GA3 and ABA may be related to the morphogenesis of tubers. The verification results of the test-tube potato system showed that the shape of the test-tube potato became significantly longer after adding 0.01 μmol/L GA3. After 1 μmol/L GA3, the ratio of longitudinal diameter to transverse diameter reaches 2． 29, and the ratio of longitudinal diameter to transverse diameter decreased after adding ABA at the same time. This result is consistent with the result of "high ABA content, low GA content potato varieties are round, otherwise it is elliptical (long)". ABA and GA3 are a pair of classic phytohormones. Both show antagonistic biological effects in seed dormancy and germination, root development and flowering, etc. Therefore, their balance is necessary for plant growth and development. In the process of tuber formation, ABA and GA3 also have an antagonistic effect. GA3 is a plant hormone that inhibits tuber formation, while ABA is an accelerating factor.

Formation and tuber development are synchronized, since ABA and GA3 antagonize the regulatory block

The formation of stems, then they may have a similar effect on the formation of tuber shapes. but 

Yes, how does this antagonistic effect occur, what factors are involved in fine-tuning this antagonism, and what is the interaction relationship between these two important genes in plant hormone synthesis and signal pathways and known tuber shape control genes? Important scientific issues to be solved in future research.

Research results: The content of the plant hormones gibberellin (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) in mature tubers of two different tuber-shaped potato varieties Hui-2 and PB06 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. -2 Mature tubers have high GA3 content and low ABA content. On the contrary, the tuber of round tuber PB06 has low GA3 content and high ABA content. It is speculated that the plant hormones ABA and GA3 may be involved in the regulation of potato tuber shape development. Exogenous addition of plant growth regulators GA3 and ABA also affects the shape of tube potatoes. With the addition of 0.01 μmol/L GA3, the ratio of tube length to the transverse diameter of tuber tube increased to 1.50; with the addition of 5 μmol/L ABA, the ratio of tuber length to transverse diameter decreased slightly, and there was no significant difference compared with the control. However, when 0.01 μmol/L GA3 and 5 μmol/L ABA were added at the same time, the ratio of vertical stem to horizontal diameter of tube potatoes was significantly reduced to 1.37 when 0.01 μmol/L GA3 was added alone. Therefore, ABA and GA3 play an antagonistic effect in regulating the tuber shape of tubers. This effect may be realized by affecting the expression or closing of tuber shape-related genes.